OPN-150 overvoltage limiter

Surge arrester OPN-150 is designed to protect switchgear electrical equipment from atmospheric and switching overvoltages in electrical networks with a voltage of 150 kV AC, frequency 48 - 62 Hz with isolated or compensated neutral.

Specifications
Mains voltage class, effective value, kV - 150;
The highest long-term permissible operating voltage (Unr), effective value, kV - 106;
Bandwidth current, A 550
Remaining voltage with a current pulse of 1/10 µs, amplitude of 10 kA, kV, not more than - 372.0;
Leakage distance, mm - 4890;

Requirements for external insulation
The length of the leakage path of the outer insulation of the overvoltage arrester of the arrester, operating in conditions corresponding to pollution degree I, must be at least 1.8 cm / kV of the highest operating voltage of the network, and at pollution degrees II, III, IV - not less than 2.0; 2.5; 3.1 cm/p>kV respectively.
Surge suppressor insulation made using organic (polymeric) materials must be tracking-erosion-resistant.
The insulation of the surge suppressor housing must withstand lightning impulse, switching impulse, one-minute power frequency voltage tests.
The lightning impulse voltage test shall be applied to the insulation of all types of arresters. The maximum value of the test pulse voltage must be not less than the value of the remaining voltage at the limiter at the rated discharge current, multiplied by 1.3.
The switching impulse voltage test should be applied to the external insulation of arresters with rated discharge currents of 10,000 and 20,000 A and the highest continuous operating voltage of 210 kV and above. The value of the test voltage must be equal to the value of the remaining voltage at the highest switching current from Table 2 multiplied by 1.25.
The voltage test of the industrial frequency (1 min) should be subjected to limiters with a rated discharge current of 5000A, as well as limiters with a rated discharge current of 10000 and 20000 A, the long-term permissible operating voltage of which is not less than 210 kV.

The amplitude of the one-minute test voltage shall not be less than:
- the remaining voltage at the rated discharge current, multiplied by 0.88 - for limiters with a rated discharge current of 5000A;
- the remaining voltage at the highest value of the switching current according to table 2 (depending on the carrying capacity class and the rated discharge current) multiplied by 1.06, - for arresters with a rated discharge current of 10,000 and 20,000 A.
For arresters of category 1, tests with one minute power frequency voltage and switching impulse should be carried out in the rain, for arresters of category 2, tests should be carried out in a dry state and under conditions of frost formation, followed by thawing.

The most important parameters when choosing an arrester
The highest long-term permissible operating voltage of the arrester is the highest effective value of the power frequency voltage that can be applied continuously to the arrester during its entire service life, and does not lead to damage or thermal instability of the arrester under normalized impacts.
The bandwidth of the surge arrester is the maximum value of a rectangular current pulse with a duration of 2000 μs (capacity current) normalized by the manufacturer. The surge arrester must withstand 18 such impacts with the accepted sequence of their application without loss of performance.
The rated voltage of the surge arrester is the effective value of the power frequency voltage that the arrester can withstand for 10 s during the operational test. The rated voltage must be at least 1.25 times the highest continuous operating voltage.
The remaining voltage of the surge arrester is the maximum voltage value at the arrester when a pulsed current flows through it with a given amplitude and pulse shape.

The design of the surge arrester OPN-150
Structurally, surge arrester OPN-150 is made of fiberglass jacket, rubber shell, flanges and varistors. The varistor is the basis of any surge arrester. The further operation of electrical equipment connected in parallel to it depends on its current-voltage characteristic. The varistor has a variable current-voltage characteristic: when exposed to industrial frequency current, it does not pass current, when exposed to lightning or switching overvoltages, the varistor of the surge arrester OPN-150 passes electric current, leaving the rated voltage of the network unchanged.
The varistor is made by pressing zinc oxide powder with a binder in the form of liquid glass or with another binder at a temperature of 1700°C. The end surfaces of the OPN-150 surge suppressor varistor are metallized with aluminum, and the side surface is covered with a dielectric. After manufacturing, the varistor is subjected to electrical discharges, after which its technical characteristics are stabilized, which are necessary for use in the OPN-150 surge arrester.
External partial discharges may appear on the surface of the OPN-150 surge arrester, which can close the power line to the ground. To prevent the appearance of external partial discharges, a shielding ring is installed in the upper part of the OPN-150 surge arrester, which allows to ensure the distribution of the magnetic field. The shielding ring of the surge arrester OPN-150 is presented in the form of an aluminum ring with fastening elements to the upper flange of the apparatus.

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